Glossary

Adware: Programs installed on a person's computer that typically pop up contextual advertisements as the person surfs the Internet.
Affiliate Program: Affiliate programs are marketing arrangements where websites earn commissions for pushing transactions, such as selling books or hotel rooms.
AHRA: Audio Home Recording Act
ASRG: Anti-Spam Research Group of the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).
Berne Convention: A significant 1989 international copyright treaty with nearly all of the industrialized nations as signatories.
Broadcast Flag: A technology being pushed by the MPAA that embeds a digital sequence into TV signals that will prevent unauthorized redistribution.
BSA: Business Software Alliance
CAN-SPAM: Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography And Marketing Act
Captcha: The string of characters that a human must type in order to gain access to secure layers of a program.
CAUCE: Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email
Click Fraud: The practice of clicking on a website's pay-per-click ad campaign for reasons other than legitimate business interest.
Cloaking: A technique used to spam crawler-based search engines.
Comment Spam: The practice of cluttering legitimate public information postings with spam.
Contextual Advertising: The practice of targeting advertising based on a user's surfing materials.
See also Spyware.
CSS: Content Scramble System
DEA: Disposable E-mail Account
DMA: Direct Marketing Association
DMCA: Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Domain Disgorgement: A legal outcome for dealing with copyright theft pioneered by SPN's founders.
Domain Hijacking: The process of taking over a domain's control or ownership illegally.
Domain Squatting: Registering a domain name that the registrant knows someone else is eventually going to want.
DVD CCA: A not-for-profit industry group that licenses the CSS (Content Scramble System) to manufacturers of DVD hardware, discs and related products.
See also CSS.
ELPSA: Entertainment & Leisure Software Publishers Association
EUCD: European Union Copyright Directive
FCC: Federal Communications Commission
Greyware: A category of software that includes any kind of trackware, such as adware and spyware.
Homographic Attack: See IDN Spoofing.
Hot Spots: Places where wireless high speed Internet access (HSIA) is available.
IAPP: International Association of Privacy Professionals
ICANN: The Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers and Names
ICARUS: Integrated Control Application for Restricting User Services
IDN Spoofing: Also called a "homographic attack," the act of registering a domain of the same name as an already registered domain, by substituting one of the characters in the name with an international character that looks like, but is not in fact, a Latin alphabet character.
IP: Often-used abbreviation for "intellectual property."
Keylogging: The process of secretly uploading keystrokes from one computer to another.
Link Equity: The value a website gains by having other sites, particularly search engines and directories, linking to it.
LMAP: Lightweight MTI Authentication Protocol
Monetization Targeting: A procedure where a search engine that monetizes their traffic using Pay For Include (PFI) targets sites in their index for revenue generation.
MP3: The MPEG file format used to compress digital audio on computers and other devices.
MPAA: Motion Picture Association of America
MPEG: Moving Pictures Experts Group
Napster: The pioneering P2P venture.
See also P2P.
NET Act: The 1997 No Electronic Theft Act, H.R. 2265.
P2P: Peer-to-peer.
See also Napster.
Pagejacking: The process of copying a site's content and look.
Parasiteware: A particularly insidious form of spyware that steals earned commissions from affiliate programs.
See also Spyware.
Phishing: A kind of spoofing where a phony e-mail is disguised to look like the legitimate e-mail of a bank, ISP or other institution.
Researchware: The term preferred by producers of marketing research software to distinguish their purportedly legitimate use of spyware and adware.
RIAA: Recording Industry Association of America
RISA: Recording Industry of South Africa
Screeners: Movie previews distributed by the Hollywood studios to critics, typically as part of the Oscar process.
SIAA: Software and Information Industry Association of America
Spam: The common term used to apply to UCE and search engine clutter.
Spam Gang: A group of businesses or individuals organized for the purpose of orchestrating and profiting from spam attacks.
Spam Rage: The sudden, vindictive reaction to perceived personal damage or insult caused by spamming.
Spim: Unwanted messages sent to instant messaging (IM) services.
Splog: A spam blog.
Spyware: Tracking programs that are often secretly installed on a person's computer.
TCPA: Telephone Consumer Protection Act
Trackware: Tracking programs installed without the computer user's knowlege.
Typosquatting: Registering a domain name that is confusingly similar to someone else's domain.
UCE: Unsolicited Commercial E-mail.
See also Spam.
UDRP: Uniform Domain Resolution Policy
WiFi Mooching: The practice of using someone else's WiFi Internet connection as your own.
WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization
WTO: World Trade Organization

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